Consumables revenues consist of single-use products and are recognized at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which generally occurs upon shipment. Instruments revenues typically consist of longer-lived assets that, for the substantial majority of sales, are recognized at a point in time in a manner similar to consumables. The vast majority of service revenues consist of extended warranty contracts, post contract support (“PCS”), and custom development projects that are recognized over time as either the customers receive and consume the benefits of such services simultaneously or the underlying asset being developed has alternative use for the Company at contract inception and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for the portion of the performance completed. The remaining service revenues were material to the period and consist of laboratory services recognized at point in time. Given the Company does have significant historical experience collecting payments from Medicare or insurance providers, the Company considered the variable consideration for such services to be constrained as it would be probable that a significant amount of revenue would need to be reversed in future periods for the services provided. Accordingly, the Company did record revenue upon completion of the performance obligation, but rather upon cash receipt, which was subsequent to the performance obligation being satisfied. Royalty revenues are based on net sales of the Company’s licensed products by a party. We recognize royalty revenues in the period the sales occur using  party evidence. The Company has also elected the "right to invoice" practical expedient based on the Company's right to invoice a customer at an amount that approximates the value to the customer and the performance completed to date. 

 

The Company has elected the exemption to disclose the unfulfilled performance obligations for contracts with an original length of year or less and the exemption to exclude future performance obligations that are accounted under the sales-based or usage-based royalty guidance.  The Company's unfulfilled performance obligations were material as of

 

Contracts with customers that contain instruments include multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis. Allocation of the transaction price is determined at the contracts’ inception.

 

Payment terms for shipments to end-users are generally net days. Payment terms for distributor shipments range from to days. Service arrangements commonly call for payments in advance of performing the work (e.g. extended warranty and service contracts), upon completion of the service (e.g. custom development manufacturing) or a mix of both.

 

Contract assets include revenues recognized in advance of billings. Contract assets are included within other current assets in the accompanying balance sheet as the amount of time expected to lapse until the company's right to consideration becomes unconditional is less than year. We elected the practical expedient allowing us to expense costs of obtaining contracts less than year that would otherwise be capitalized and amortized over the contract period. Contract assets as of are material.

 

ontract liabilities in excess of year are included in Other long-term liabilities on the balance sheet. 

 

Any claims for credit or return of goods must be made within days of receipt. Revenues are reduced to reflect estimated credits and returns. Although the amounts recorded for these revenue deductions are dependent on estimates and assumptions, historically our adjustments to actual results have been material.

 

Taxes collected from customers relating to product sales and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenue. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are included in revenue, while the related shipping and handling costs are reflected in cost of products. We have elected the practical expedient that allows us to account for shipping and handling activities that occur after the customer has obtained control of a good as a fulfillment cost, and we accrue costs of shipping and handling when the related revenue is recognized.

 

The following tables present our disaggregated revenue for the periods presented.

 

Revenue by type is as follows:

 

		Year ended June 30,
		2019				2018				2017
Consumables		$	588,979			$	534,738			$	476,541
Instruments			67,538				61,784				47,751
Services			38,050				34,137				23,652
Total product and services revenue, net			694,567			$	630,659				547,944
Royalty revenues			19,439				12,334				15,059
Total revenues, net		$	714,006			$	642,993			$	563,003

 

Revenue by geography is as follows:

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2019				2018				2017
Net sales:
United States		$	391,191			$	346,293			$	313,195
EMEA, excluding U.K.			155,821				148,599				125,126
U.K.			34,975				33,704				28,401
APAC, excluding Greater China			52,913				48,392				41,463
Greater China			57,799				47,950				39,078
Rest of world			21,307				18,055				15,740
Total external sales		$	714,006			$	642,993			$	563,003